掌握Python惯例(Python Idioms),写出Pythonic
的代码。
让代码既可以被导入又可以被执行。
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if __name__ == '__main__':
用下面的方式判断逻辑“真”或“假”。
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if x:
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if not x:
好的代码:
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name = 'CoolR'
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fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
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owners = {'1001': 'CoolR', '1002': 'Tom'}
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if name and fruits and owners:
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print('I love fruits!')
不好的代码:
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name = 'CoolR'
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fruits = ['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
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owners = {'1001': 'CoolR', '1002': 'Tom'}
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if name != '' and len(fruits) > 0 and owners != {}:
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print('I love fruits!')
善于使用in运算符。
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if x in items: # 包含
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for x in items: # 迭代
好的代码:
1
name = 'CoolR'
2
if 'R' in name:
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print('The name has an R in it.')
不好的代码:
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name = 'CoolR'
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if name.find('R') != -1:
3
print('This name has an R in it!')
不使用临时变量交换两个值。
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a, b = b, a
用序列构建字符串。
好的代码:
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chars = ['C', 'o', 'o', 'l', 'R']
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name = ''.join(chars)
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print(name) # CoolR
不好的代码:
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chars = ['C', 'o', 'o', 'l', 'R']
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name = ''
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for char in chars:
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name += char
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print(name) # CoolR
EAFP优于LBYL。
EAFP - Easier to Ask Forgiveness than Permission.
LBYL - Look Before You Leap.
好的代码:
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d = {'x': '5'}
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try:
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value = int(d['x'])
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print(value)
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except (KeyError, TypeError, ValueError):
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value = None
不好的代码:
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d = {'x': '5'}
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if 'x' in d and isinstance(d['x'], str) and d['x'].isdigit():
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value = int(d['x'])
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print(value)
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else:
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value = None
使用enumerate进行迭代。
好的代码:
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fruits = ['orange', 'grape', 'pitaya', 'blueberry']
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for index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):
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print(index, ':', fruit)
不好的代码:
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fruits = ['orange', 'grape', 'pitaya', 'blueberry']
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index = 0
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for fruit in fruits:
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print(index, ':', fruit)
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index += 1
用生成式生成列表。
好的代码:
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data = [7, 20, 3, 15, 11]
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result = [num * 3 for num in data if num > 10]
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print(result) # [60, 45, 33]
不好的代码:
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data = [7, 20, 3, 15, 11]
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result = []
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for i in data:
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if i > 10:
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result.append(i * 3)
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print(result) # [60, 45, 33]
用zip组合键和值来创建字典。
好的代码:
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keys = ['1001', '1002', '1003']
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values = ['CoolR', 'Tom', 'Jerry']
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d = dict(zip(keys, values))
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print(d)
不好的代码:
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keys = ['1001', '1002', '1003']
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values = ['CoolR', 'Tom', 'Jerry']
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d = {}
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for i, key in enumerate(keys):
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d[key] = values[i]
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print(d)
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